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Aldehydes
Aldehydes
Background:
Aldehydes are carbon chain molecules for which the primary carbon has a double bond with a terminating oxygen atom.
Their primary use is as an intermediate product which is created whole converting alcohols into organic acids. However a number of noteable aldhydes exist which we come into contact with on a regular basis.
Methanal (Formaldehyde) - CH
2
H is a common preservative used on the organic materials we find in in biology labs;
Ethanal (Acetaldehyde) - An biproduct of our body's processing of ethanol known to be responsible for hangovers;
Glucose - A sugar and the original natural sweetener;
Benzaldehyde - Used and industrial solvent it also finds use as an artificial almond flavouring;
Cinnamaldehyde - The active ingredient in cinnamon that gives it its distinctive spice flavouring;
Uses and Applications:
Aldehydes are useful in that they can be readily converted into
organic acids
by oxidixing them with agents such as potassium dichromate or potassium permanganate.
CH
3
CH=O + O ---> CH
3
COOH
Laboratory Preparation:
Aldehydes can be prepared by oxidizing
primary alcohols
using strong oxidizing agents such as potassium dichromate or potassium permanganate.
CH
3
CH
2
-OH + O ---> CH
3
CH=O + H
2
O
Naming Conventions:
Using IUPAC rules aldehydes are named by using the name of the parent alkane chain and changing the final "e" to an "al".
C
5
H
12
is pentane
C
5
H
10
=O is pentanal
Bibliography:
Wikipedia article on aldhydes
Perdue University article on aldehydes and ketones
Michigan State U. Article of Aldehydes and Ketones
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